Lifelong learning policies for vulnerable young adults in post-recession Scotland     

Oscar Valiente  Kevin Lowden  Queralt Capsada-Munsech 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2020,41(2):218-233

Abstract

This article shows how the Scottish Government’s (SG) political management of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) has reinforced the economic goals of lifelong learning (LLL) under the skills for work agenda. Youth unemployment has been prioritized as the main social problem to be addressed, and most of the limited public resources for LLL have been targeted towards youth at risk of unemployment at the expense of the rest of the adult population. The article adopts a Cultural Political Economy perspective to examine LLL policy discourses contained in 12 policy documents published by the SG during the period between the Scottish National Party’s arrival in power and the Independence Referendum (2007–2014). The analysis draws attention to the fact that the GFC has been used by the SG to legitimize selective cuts to the further education sector as well as a stronger labour market orientation within LLL provision.  相似文献   

Observed classroom quality profiles in state-funded pre-kindergarten programs and associations with teacher,program, and classroom characteristics   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jennifer LoCasale-Crouch  Tim Konold  Robert Pianta  Carollee Howes  Margaret Burchinal  Donna Bryant  Richard Clifford  Diane Early  Oscar Barbarin 《Early childhood research quarterly》2007

In the past decade in the United States, pre-kindergarten programs for four year olds have expanded rapidly as a potentially powerful intervention intended to promote school readiness for children at-risk for future school failure. This paper describes in detail multi-dimensional profiles of observed quality across 692 classrooms in 11 states representing 80% of these available programs and examines teacher, program, and classroom characteristics associated in these profiles. Cluster analysis enabled the detection of patterns that fit profiles of high and low overall emotional and instructional support along with “mid-range” patterns in which emotional support is somewhat higher than instructional support. Associations between teacher characteristics and program characteristics were generally not significant. However, the poorest quality profile was associated with classroom poverty level, suggesting that the children who need the highest quality educational experiences have teachers who are struggling the most to provide it.  相似文献   

Quality of Prekindergarten: What Families Are Looking for in Public Sponsored Programs     

Oscar A. Barbarin  Terry McCandies  Diane Early  Richard M. Clifford  Donna Bryant  Margaret Burchinal  Carollee Howes  Robert Pianta 《Early education and development》2006,17(4):619-642

This study describes the meaning of program quality for a representative group of parents of children enrolled in public prekindergarten programs. Educators often conceptualized quality in terms of structural or process indicators; parents most often cited teacher experience and relationship to children. Families, like educators, emphasized enhancing readiness as central to program quality. In addition, families identified 3 classes of indicators not usually included in educational research or professional discussions of program quality: comprehensive service provision, convenient location, and home-school collaboration. In the decision to enroll children in a program, Whites more often relied on indicators of the classroom emotional climate, Latinos more often examined the provision of comprehensive services, and African Americans more often weighed the quality of home-school partnerships than their ethnic counterparts. For Latinos living in poverty, the concern about dual language development was salient. African Americans emphasized the importance of a close relationship with staff.  相似文献   

Measures of classroom quality in prekindergarten and children's development of academic, language, and social skills   总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33  

Mashburn AJ  Pianta RC  Hamre BK  Downer JT  Barbarin OA  Bryant D  Burchinal M  Early DM  Howes C 《Child development》2008,79(3):732-749

This study examined development of academic, language, and social skills among 4-year-olds in publicly supported prekindergarten (pre-K) programs in relation to 3 methods of measuring pre-K quality, which are as follows: (a) adherence to 9 standards of quality related to program infrastructure and design, (b) observations of the overall quality of classroom environments, and (c) observations of teachers' emotional and instructional interactions with children in classrooms. Participants were 2,439 children enrolled in 671 pre-K classrooms in 11 states. Adjusting for prior skill levels, child and family characteristics, program characteristics, and state, teachers' instructional interactions predicted academic and language skills and teachers' emotional interactions predicted teacher-reported social skills. Findings suggest that policies, program development, and professional development efforts that improve teacher–child interactions can facilitate children's school readiness.  相似文献   

Oncogenes and oncogenic viruses     

D. M. Vasudevan MBBS  MD  FAMS  FRCPATH 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1996,11(1):3-6

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Three global conditions for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use: an implementation framework     

Harvey Locke  Erle C Ellis  Oscar Venter  Richard Schuster  Keping Ma  Xiaoli Shen  Stephen Woodley  Naomi Kingston  Nina Bhola  Bernardo B N Strassburg  Axel Paulsch  Brooke Williams  James E M Watson 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(6):1080

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Analyzing Monte Carlo Simulation Studies With Classification and Regression Trees     

Oscar Gonzalez  Holly P. O’Rourke  Ingrid C. Wurpts  Kevin J. Grimm 《Structural equation modeling》2018,25(3):403-413

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Structure reconsidered: Towards new foundations of explanatory transitions theory     

Oscar Svensson  Alexandra Nikoleris 《Research Policy》2018,47(2):462-473

The most prominent framework for studying socio-technical transitions to date is the multi-level perspective (MLP). While appreciated for its flexibility and usefulness for studying socio-technical transitions it has not been without its critics. In this paper we focus on the ontological foundations of the MLP and its (in)ability to explain transitions and how they come about. The purpose is to initiate development of an explanatory theory for socio-technical transitions, by carrying out an immanent critique of the ontological foundations of the MLP together with a methodological critique. We show that the ontological foundations of the MLP to a large extent inhibits explanatory capacity. The argument is fourfold: since structure and agency are understood as inseparable, (i) the causal influence of material properties are undervalued, and (ii) different degrees of structural constraint and freedom of actors are ignored. As a consequence (iii) transitions are reduced to shifts in the maturity and spread of socio-cognitive rules, without analysis of systemic change. Moreover, (iv) mechanisms are reduced to recurring patterns of events which cannot explain why some transitions fail while others succeed. To remedy these limitations we outline alternative critical realist foundations for transitions theory.  相似文献   

Enhancement of myeloperoxidase activity in WBCS in oral cancer patients treated with Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)—A pilot study     

N. Ananth  Ganesh B. Balaji  D. M. Vasudevan MD  FRC  Vivian D’Souza  Ashalatha V. Rao  Dinesh Nambiar 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1998,13(2):126-128

In a pilot study with five oral cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) three were given Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) as a protective agent to reduce the mucosal inflammation during radiotherapy. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity in WBC was quantitated. The three patients showed a significant increase in the MPO activity when compared with two untreated controls indicating the efficacy of GM-CSF as a protective agent. It is suggested that further detailed studies with larger number of patients would be useful.  相似文献   

Price-effectiveness: pharmacoeconomics,value and the right price for HPV vaccines     

Oscar Javier Maldonado Castañeda 《Journal of Cultural Economy》2017,10(2):163-177

ABSTRACT

Drawing on a pragmatist approach to pricing, this article discusses the impact of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) in the pricing strategies of pharmaceutical companies. Through an analysis of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, this article illustrates the strategic appropriation of evidence-based medicine (narratives and practices) that pharmaceutical companies have undertaken to enhance the value of their products. While governments are concentrated on the measurement of costs and efficiency (cost-effectiveness), companies attempt to find the threshold of effectiveness that supports their estimation of value. I have called such mode of calculation, price-effectiveness. Pharmaceutical companies engage in different ways with CEA in devising their own price strategies. First, CEA is used as an instrument to raise HPV vaccines as a matter of interest for health authorities. Second, companies produce models to maximise the effectiveness of their products. Third, the expense side of CEA has opened an opportunity to represent some conditions as diseases in order to increase the potential value of the vaccine, expressed in a higher price. Debates and practices of pricing offer a unique opportunity to trace how particular forms of quantification have become the common ground in the demonstration of value in healthcare and the adaptation of companies.  相似文献